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Compare Phosphorus vs Aluminium

Comparing Phosphorus (P) and Aluminium (Al). Atomic numbers 15 and 13 with atomic masses 30.974 u and 26.982 u, classified as nonmetal and post-transition metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
P
Phosphorus
#15
Al
Aluminium
#13

Periodic properties of the elements

PhosphorusAluminium
SymbolPAl
Atomic number1513
Group1513
Period33
Blockpp
Element categoryNonmetalPost-Transition Metal

Physical properties

PhosphorusAluminium
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density1.823 g/cm32.7 g/cm3
Atomic weight30.9738 u26.9815 u
Melting point-933.47 K
660.32 °C
1220.576 °F
Boiling point-2743 K
2469.85 °C
4477.73 °F

Atomic properties

PhosphorusAluminium
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)2.191.61
Electron affinity72.037 kJ/mol41.762 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
(a mildly acidic oxide)		−2, −1, +1, +2, +3
(an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 1011.8 kJ/mol
  2. 1907 kJ/mol
  3. 2914.1 kJ/mol
  4. 4963.6 kJ/mol
  5. 6273.9 kJ/mol
  6. 21267 kJ/mol
  7. 25431 kJ/mol
  8. 29872 kJ/mol
  9. 35905 kJ/mol
  10. 40950 kJ/mol
  11. 46261 kJ/mol
  12. 54110 kJ/mol
  13. 59024 kJ/mol
  14. 271791 kJ/mol
  15. 296195 kJ/mol
  1. 577.5 kJ/mol
  2. 1816.7 kJ/mol
  3. 2744.8 kJ/mol
  4. 11577 kJ/mol
  5. 14842 kJ/mol
  6. 18379 kJ/mol
  7. 23326 kJ/mol
  8. 27465 kJ/mol
  9. 31853 kJ/mol
  10. 38473 kJ/mol
  11. 42647 kJ/mol
  12. 201266 kJ/mol
  13. 222316 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

PhosphorusAluminium
Shorthand configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p3 [Ne] 3s2 3p1
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 52, 8, 3

History

PhosphorusAluminium
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier (1782)
DiscoveryHennig Brand (1669)Hans Christian Ørsted (1824)
First isolationHennig Brand (1669)
Named byHumphry Davy (1812)
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