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Compare Magnesium vs Radium

Comparing Magnesium (Mg) and Radium (Ra). Atomic numbers 12 and 88 with atomic masses 24.304 u and 226 u, classified as alkaline earth metal and alkaline earth metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Mg
Magnesium
#12
Ra
Radium
#88

Periodic properties of the elements

MagnesiumRadium
SymbolMgRa
Atomic number1288
Group22
Period37
Blockss
Element categoryAlkaline Earth MetalAlkaline Earth Metal

Physical properties

MagnesiumRadium
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density1.738 g/cm35.5 g/cm3
Atomic weight24.304 u226 u
Melting point923 K
649.85 °C
1201.73 °F		1233 K
959.85 °C
1759.73 °F
Boiling point1363 K
1089.85 °C
1993.73 °F		2010 K
1736.85 °C
3158.33 °F

Atomic properties

MagnesiumRadium
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)1.310.9
Electron affinity-40 kJ/mol9.6485 kJ/mol
Oxidation states+1, +2
(a strongly basic oxide)		+2
(expected to have a strongly basic oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 737.7 kJ/mol
  2. 1450.7 kJ/mol
  3. 7732.7 kJ/mol
  4. 10542.5 kJ/mol
  5. 13630 kJ/mol
  6. 18020 kJ/mol
  7. 21711 kJ/mol
  8. 25661 kJ/mol
  9. 31653 kJ/mol
  10. 35458 kJ/mol
  11. 169988 kJ/mol
  12. 189368 kJ/mol
  1. 509.3 kJ/mol
  2. 979 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

MagnesiumRadium
Shorthand configuration[Ne] 3s2 [Rn] 7s2
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 7s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 22, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2

History

MagnesiumRadium
DiscoveryJoseph Black (1755)Pierre Curie, Marie Curie (1898)
First isolationHumphry Davy (1808)Marie Curie (1910)
Named byHumphry Davy (1812)
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