Compare Lithium vs Francium
Comparing Lithium (Li) and Francium (Fr). Atomic numbers 3 and 87 with atomic masses 6.938 u and 223 u, classified as alkali metal and alkali metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.
Periodic properties of the elements
| Lithium | Francium | |
|---|---|---|
| Symbol | Li | Fr |
| Atomic number | 3 | 87 |
| Group | 1 | 1 |
| Period | 2 | 7 |
| Block | s | s |
| Element category | Alkali Metal | Alkali Metal |
Physical properties
| Lithium | Francium | |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Density | 0.534 g/cm3 | 1.87 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 6.938 u | 223 u |
| Melting point | 453.65 K 180.5 °C 356.9 °F | 300 K 26.85 °C 80.33 °F |
| Boiling point | 1603 K 1329.85 °C 2425.73 °F | 950 K 676.85 °C 1250.33 °F |
Atomic properties
| Lithium | Francium | |
|---|---|---|
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 0.98 | 0.79 |
| Electron affinity | 59.6326 kJ/mol | 46.89 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 (a strongly basic oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration
| Lithium | Francium | |
|---|---|---|
| Shorthand configuration | [He] 2s1 | [Rn] 7s1 |
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s1 | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s24p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 7s1 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 1 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 |
History
| Lithium | Francium | |
|---|---|---|
| Discovery | Johan August Arfwedson (1817) | Marguerite Perey (1939) |
| First isolation | William Thomas Brande, Sir Humphrey Davy (1821) | Marguerite Perey (1939) |