Compare Lithium vs Beryllium
Comparing Lithium (Li) and Beryllium (Be). Atomic numbers 3 and 4 with atomic masses 6.938 u and 9.012 u, classified as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.
Periodic properties of the elements
| Lithium | Beryllium | |
|---|---|---|
| Symbol | Li | Be |
| Atomic number | 3 | 4 |
| Group | 1 | 2 |
| Period | 2 | 2 |
| Block | s | s |
| Element category | Alkali Metal | Alkaline Earth Metal |
Physical properties
| Lithium | Beryllium | |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Density | 0.534 g/cm3 | 1.85 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 6.938 u | 9.01218 u |
| Melting point | 453.65 K 180.5 °C 356.9 °F | 1560 K 1286.85 °C 2348.33 °F |
| Boiling point | 1603 K 1329.85 °C 2425.73 °F | 2742 K 2468.85 °C 4475.93 °F |
Atomic properties
| Lithium | Beryllium | |
|---|---|---|
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 0.98 | 1.57 |
| Electron affinity | 59.6326 kJ/mol | -48 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | 0, +1, +2 (an amphoteric oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration
| Lithium | Beryllium | |
|---|---|---|
| Shorthand configuration | [He] 2s1 | [He] 2s2 |
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s1 | 1s2 2s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 1 | 2, 2 |
History
| Lithium | Beryllium | |
|---|---|---|
| Discovery | Johan August Arfwedson (1817) | Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798) |
| First isolation | William Thomas Brande, Sir Humphrey Davy (1821) | Friedrich Wöhler, Antoine Bussy (1828) |