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Compare Copper vs Nickel

Comparing Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni). Atomic numbers 29 and 28 with atomic masses 63.546 u and 58.693 u, classified as transition metal and transition metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Cu
Copper
#29
Ni
Nickel
#28

Periodic properties of the elements

CopperNickel
SymbolCuNi
Atomic number2928
Group1110
Period44
Blockdd
Element categoryTransition MetalTransition Metal

Physical properties

CopperNickel
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density8.96 g/cm38.908 g/cm3
Atomic weight63.5463 u58.6934 u
Melting point1357.77 K
1084.62 °C
1984.316 °F		1728 K
1454.85 °C
2650.73 °F
Boiling point2835 K
2561.85 °C
4643.33 °F		3003 K
2729.85 °C
4945.73 °F

Atomic properties

CopperNickel
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)1.91.91
Electron affinity119.235 kJ/mol111.65 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(a mildly basic oxide)		−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(a mildly basic oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 745.5 kJ/mol
  2. 1957.9 kJ/mol
  3. 3555 kJ/mol
  4. 5536 kJ/mol
  5. 7700 kJ/mol
  6. 9900 kJ/mol
  7. 13400 kJ/mol
  8. 16000 kJ/mol
  9. 19200 kJ/mol
  10. 22400 kJ/mol
  11. 25600 kJ/mol
  12. 35600 kJ/mol
  13. 38700 kJ/mol
  14. 42000 kJ/mol
  15. 46700 kJ/mol
  16. 50200 kJ/mol
  17. 53700 kJ/mol
  18. 61100 kJ/mol
  19. 64702 kJ/mol
  20. 163700 kJ/mol
  21. 174100 kJ/mol
  22. 184900 kJ/mol
  23. 198800 kJ/mol
  24. 210500 kJ/mol
  25. 222700 kJ/mol
  26. 239100 kJ/mol
  27. 249660 kJ/mol
  28. 1067358 kJ/mol
  29. 1116105 kJ/mol
  1. 737.1 kJ/mol
  2. 1753 kJ/mol
  3. 3395 kJ/mol
  4. 5300 kJ/mol
  5. 7339 kJ/mol
  6. 10400 kJ/mol
  7. 12800 kJ/mol
  8. 15600 kJ/mol
  9. 18600 kJ/mol
  10. 21670 kJ/mol
  11. 30970 kJ/mol
  12. 34000 kJ/mol
  13. 37100 kJ/mol
  14. 41500 kJ/mol
  15. 44800 kJ/mol
  16. 48100 kJ/mol
  17. 55101 kJ/mol
  18. 58570 kJ/mol
  19. 148700 kJ/mol
  20. 159000 kJ/mol
  21. 169400 kJ/mol
  22. 182700 kJ/mol
  23. 194000 kJ/mol
  24. 205600 kJ/mol
  25. 221400 kJ/mol
  26. 231490 kJ/mol
  27. 992718 kJ/mol
  28. 1039668 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

CopperNickel
Shorthand configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s1 [Ar] 3d8 4s2
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 12, 8, 16, 2

History

CopperNickel
DiscoveryMiddle East (9000 BC)Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
First isolationAxel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
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