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Compare Copper vs Cobalt

Comparing Copper (Cu) and Cobalt (Co). Atomic numbers 29 and 27 with atomic masses 63.546 u and 58.933 u, classified as transition metal and transition metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Cu
Copper
#29
Co
Cobalt
#27

Periodic properties of the elements

CopperCobalt
SymbolCuCo
Atomic number2927
Group119
Period44
Blockdd
Element categoryTransition MetalTransition Metal

Physical properties

CopperCobalt
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density8.96 g/cm38.9 g/cm3
Atomic weight63.5463 u58.9332 u
Melting point1357.77 K
1084.62 °C
1984.316 °F		1768 K
1494.85 °C
2722.73 °F
Boiling point2835 K
2561.85 °C
4643.33 °F		3200 K
2926.85 °C
5300.33 °F

Atomic properties

CopperCobalt
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)1.91.88
Electron affinity119.235 kJ/mol63.898 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(a mildly basic oxide)		−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
(an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 745.5 kJ/mol
  2. 1957.9 kJ/mol
  3. 3555 kJ/mol
  4. 5536 kJ/mol
  5. 7700 kJ/mol
  6. 9900 kJ/mol
  7. 13400 kJ/mol
  8. 16000 kJ/mol
  9. 19200 kJ/mol
  10. 22400 kJ/mol
  11. 25600 kJ/mol
  12. 35600 kJ/mol
  13. 38700 kJ/mol
  14. 42000 kJ/mol
  15. 46700 kJ/mol
  16. 50200 kJ/mol
  17. 53700 kJ/mol
  18. 61100 kJ/mol
  19. 64702 kJ/mol
  20. 163700 kJ/mol
  21. 174100 kJ/mol
  22. 184900 kJ/mol
  23. 198800 kJ/mol
  24. 210500 kJ/mol
  25. 222700 kJ/mol
  26. 239100 kJ/mol
  27. 249660 kJ/mol
  28. 1067358 kJ/mol
  29. 1116105 kJ/mol
  1. 760.4 kJ/mol
  2. 1648 kJ/mol
  3. 3232 kJ/mol
  4. 4950 kJ/mol
  5. 7670 kJ/mol
  6. 9840 kJ/mol
  7. 12440 kJ/mol
  8. 15230 kJ/mol
  9. 17959 kJ/mol
  10. 26570 kJ/mol
  11. 29400 kJ/mol
  12. 32400 kJ/mol
  13. 36600 kJ/mol
  14. 39700 kJ/mol
  15. 42800 kJ/mol
  16. 49396 kJ/mol
  17. 52737 kJ/mol
  18. 134810 kJ/mol
  19. 145170 kJ/mol
  20. 154700 kJ/mol
  21. 167400 kJ/mol
  22. 178100 kJ/mol
  23. 189300 kJ/mol
  24. 204500 kJ/mol
  25. 214100 kJ/mol
  26. 920870 kJ/mol
  27. 966023 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

CopperCobalt
Shorthand configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s1 [Ar] 3d7 4s2
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 12, 8, 15, 2

History

CopperCobalt
DiscoveryMiddle East (9000 BC)Georg Brandt (1735)
First isolationGeorg Brandt (1735)
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