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Compare Copper vs Chromium

Comparing Copper (Cu) and Chromium (Cr). Atomic numbers 29 and 24 with atomic masses 63.546 u and 51.996 u, classified as transition metal and transition metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Cu
Copper
#29
Cr
Chromium
#24

Periodic properties of the elements

CopperChromium
SymbolCuCr
Atomic number2924
Group116
Period44
Blockdd
Element categoryTransition MetalTransition Metal

Physical properties

CopperChromium
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density8.96 g/cm37.19 g/cm3
Atomic weight63.5463 u51.9962 u
Melting point1357.77 K
1084.62 °C
1984.316 °F		2180 K
1906.85 °C
3464.33 °F
Boiling point2835 K
2561.85 °C
4643.33 °F		2944 K
2670.85 °C
4839.53 °F

Atomic properties

CopperChromium
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)1.91.66
Electron affinity119.235 kJ/mol65.21 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(a mildly basic oxide)		−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6
(depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 745.5 kJ/mol
  2. 1957.9 kJ/mol
  3. 3555 kJ/mol
  4. 5536 kJ/mol
  5. 7700 kJ/mol
  6. 9900 kJ/mol
  7. 13400 kJ/mol
  8. 16000 kJ/mol
  9. 19200 kJ/mol
  10. 22400 kJ/mol
  11. 25600 kJ/mol
  12. 35600 kJ/mol
  13. 38700 kJ/mol
  14. 42000 kJ/mol
  15. 46700 kJ/mol
  16. 50200 kJ/mol
  17. 53700 kJ/mol
  18. 61100 kJ/mol
  19. 64702 kJ/mol
  20. 163700 kJ/mol
  21. 174100 kJ/mol
  22. 184900 kJ/mol
  23. 198800 kJ/mol
  24. 210500 kJ/mol
  25. 222700 kJ/mol
  26. 239100 kJ/mol
  27. 249660 kJ/mol
  28. 1067358 kJ/mol
  29. 1116105 kJ/mol
  1. 652.9 kJ/mol
  2. 1590.6 kJ/mol
  3. 2987 kJ/mol
  4. 4743 kJ/mol
  5. 6702 kJ/mol
  6. 8744.9 kJ/mol
  7. 15455 kJ/mol
  8. 17820 kJ/mol
  9. 20190 kJ/mol
  10. 23580 kJ/mol
  11. 26130 kJ/mol
  12. 28750 kJ/mol
  13. 34230 kJ/mol
  14. 37066 kJ/mol
  15. 97510 kJ/mol
  16. 105800 kJ/mol
  17. 114300 kJ/mol
  18. 125300 kJ/mol
  19. 134700 kJ/mol
  20. 144300 kJ/mol
  21. 157700 kJ/mol
  22. 166090 kJ/mol
  23. 721870 kJ/mol
  24. 761733 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

CopperChromium
Shorthand configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s1 [Ar] 3d5 4s1
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 12, 8, 13, 1

History

CopperChromium
DiscoveryMiddle East (9000 BC)Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1794)
First isolationLouis Nicolas Vauquelin (1797)
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