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Compare Chlorine vs Silicon

Comparing Chlorine (Cl) and Silicon (Si). Atomic numbers 17 and 14 with atomic masses 35.446 u and 28.084 u, classified as nonmetal and metalloid. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Cl
Chlorine
#17
Si
Silicon
#14

Periodic properties of the elements

ChlorineSilicon
SymbolClSi
Atomic number1714
Group1714
Period33
Blockpp
Element categoryNonmetalMetalloid

Physical properties

ChlorineSilicon
Phase at STPGasSolid
Density3.2 g/cm32.329 g/cm3
Atomic weight35.446 u28.084 u
Melting point171.6 K
-101.55 °C
-150.79 °F		1687 K
1413.85 °C
2576.93 °F
Boiling point239.11 K
-34.04 °C
-29.272 °F		3538 K
3264.85 °C
5908.73 °F

Atomic properties

ChlorineSilicon
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)3.161.9
Electron affinity348.575 kJ/mol134.068 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7
(a strongly acidic oxide)		−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
(an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 1251.2 kJ/mol
  2. 2298 kJ/mol
  3. 3822 kJ/mol
  4. 5158.6 kJ/mol
  5. 6542 kJ/mol
  6. 9362 kJ/mol
  7. 11018 kJ/mol
  8. 33604 kJ/mol
  9. 38600 kJ/mol
  10. 43961 kJ/mol
  11. 51068 kJ/mol
  12. 57119 kJ/mol
  13. 63363 kJ/mol
  14. 72341 kJ/mol
  15. 78095 kJ/mol
  16. 352994 kJ/mol
  17. 380760 kJ/mol
  1. 786.5 kJ/mol
  2. 1577.1 kJ/mol
  3. 3231.6 kJ/mol
  4. 4355.5 kJ/mol
  5. 16091 kJ/mol
  6. 19805 kJ/mol
  7. 23780 kJ/mol
  8. 29287 kJ/mol
  9. 33878 kJ/mol
  10. 38726 kJ/mol
  11. 45962 kJ/mol
  12. 50502 kJ/mol
  13. 235196 kJ/mol
  14. 257923 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

ChlorineSilicon
Shorthand configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p5 [Ne] 3s2 3p2
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 72, 8, 4

History

ChlorineSilicon
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier (1787)
DiscoveryCarl Wilhelm Scheele (1774)Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
First isolationCarl Wilhelm Scheele (1774)Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
Named bySir Humphry Davy (1810)Thomas Thomson (1817)
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