Compare Carbon vs Lead
Comparing Carbon (C) and Lead (Pb). Atomic numbers 6 and 82 with atomic masses 12.01 u and 207.21 u, classified as nonmetal and post-transition metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.
Periodic properties of the elements
| Carbon | Lead | |
|---|---|---|
| Symbol | C | Pb |
| Atomic number | 6 | 82 |
| Group | 14 | 14 |
| Period | 2 | 6 |
| Block | p | p |
| Element category | Nonmetal | Post-Transition Metal |
Physical properties
| Carbon | Lead | |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Density | 1.821 g/cm3 | 11.34 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 12.0096 u | 207.21 u |
| Melting point | - | 600.61 K 327.46 °C 621.428 °F |
| Boiling point | - | 2022 K 1748.85 °C 3179.93 °F |
Atomic properties
| Carbon | Lead | |
|---|---|---|
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 2.55 | 1.87 |
| Electron affinity | 121.776 kJ/mol | 34.4204 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly acidic oxide) | −4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration
| Carbon | Lead | |
|---|---|---|
| Shorthand configuration | [He] 2s2 2p2 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 |
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p2 | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 4 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 |
History
| Carbon | Lead | |
|---|---|---|
| Discovery | Egyptians and Sumerians (3750 BC) | Ancient Near East (7000 BC) |