Compare Calcium vs Beryllium
Comparing Calcium (Ca) and Beryllium (Be). Atomic numbers 20 and 4 with atomic masses 40.078 u and 9.012 u, classified as alkaline earth metal and alkaline earth metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.
Periodic properties of the elements
| Calcium | Beryllium | |
|---|---|---|
| Symbol | Ca | Be |
| Atomic number | 20 | 4 |
| Group | 2 | 2 |
| Period | 4 | 2 |
| Block | d | s |
| Element category | Alkaline Earth Metal | Alkaline Earth Metal |
Physical properties
| Calcium | Beryllium | |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Density | 1.55 g/cm3 | 1.85 g/cm3 |
| Atomic weight | 40.0784 u | 9.01218 u |
| Melting point | 1115 K 841.85 °C 1547.33 °F | 1560 K 1286.85 °C 2348.33 °F |
| Boiling point | 1757 K 1483.85 °C 2702.93 °F | 2742 K 2468.85 °C 4475.93 °F |
Atomic properties
| Calcium | Beryllium | |
|---|---|---|
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) | 1 | 1.57 |
| Electron affinity | 2.37 kJ/mol | -48 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | +1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide) | 0, +1, +2 (an amphoteric oxide) |
| Ionization energies |
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Electron configuration
| Calcium | Beryllium | |
|---|---|---|
| Shorthand configuration | [Ar] 4s2 | [He] 2s2 |
| Full configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 | 1s2 2s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 8, 2 | 2, 2 |
History
| Calcium | Beryllium | |
|---|---|---|
| Discovery | Humphry Davy (1808) | Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798) |
| First isolation | Humphry Davy (1808) | Friedrich Wöhler, Antoine Bussy (1828) |