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Compare Aluminium vs Thallium

Comparing Aluminium (Al) and Thallium (Tl). Atomic numbers 13 and 81 with atomic masses 26.982 u and 204.382 u, classified as post-transition metal and post-transition metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Al
Aluminium
#13
Tl
Thallium
#81

Periodic properties of the elements

AluminiumThallium
SymbolAlTl
Atomic number1381
Group1313
Period36
Blockpp
Element categoryPost-Transition MetalPost-Transition Metal

Physical properties

AluminiumThallium
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density2.7 g/cm311.85 g/cm3
Atomic weight26.9815 u204.382 u
Melting point933.47 K
660.32 °C
1220.576 °F		577 K
303.85 °C
578.93 °F
Boiling point2743 K
2469.85 °C
4477.73 °F		1746 K
1472.85 °C
2683.13 °F

Atomic properties

AluminiumThallium
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)1.611.62
Electron affinity41.762 kJ/mol36.4 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−2, −1, +1, +2, +3
(an amphoteric oxide)		−5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3
(a mildly basic oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 577.5 kJ/mol
  2. 1816.7 kJ/mol
  3. 2744.8 kJ/mol
  4. 11577 kJ/mol
  5. 14842 kJ/mol
  6. 18379 kJ/mol
  7. 23326 kJ/mol
  8. 27465 kJ/mol
  9. 31853 kJ/mol
  10. 38473 kJ/mol
  11. 42647 kJ/mol
  12. 201266 kJ/mol
  13. 222316 kJ/mol
  1. 589.4 kJ/mol
  2. 1971 kJ/mol
  3. 2878 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

AluminiumThallium
Shorthand configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p1 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 32, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3

History

AluminiumThallium
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier (1782)
DiscoveryHans Christian Ørsted (1824)William Crookes (1861)
First isolationClaude-Auguste Lamy (1862)
Named byHumphry Davy (1812)
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