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Compare Aluminium vs Gallium

Comparing Aluminium (Al) and Gallium (Ga). Atomic numbers 13 and 31 with atomic masses 26.982 u and 69.723 u, classified as post-transition metal and post-transition metal. Below: a side-by-side comparison of their physical, atomic, electron-configuration and historical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, ionization energies, oxidation states and discovery history.

vs
Al
Aluminium
#13
Ga
Gallium
#31

Periodic properties of the elements

AluminiumGallium
SymbolAlGa
Atomic number1331
Group1313
Period34
Blockpp
Element categoryPost-Transition MetalPost-Transition Metal

Physical properties

AluminiumGallium
Phase at STPSolidSolid
Density2.7 g/cm35.91 g/cm3
Atomic weight26.9815 u69.7231 u
Melting point933.47 K
660.32 °C
1220.576 °F		302.915 K
29.765 °C
85.577 °F
Boiling point2743 K
2469.85 °C
4477.73 °F		2673 K
2399.85 °C
4351.73 °F

Atomic properties

AluminiumGallium
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)1.611.81
Electron affinity41.762 kJ/mol41 kJ/mol
Oxidation states−2, −1, +1, +2, +3
(an amphoteric oxide)		−5, −4, −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3
(an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies
  1. 577.5 kJ/mol
  2. 1816.7 kJ/mol
  3. 2744.8 kJ/mol
  4. 11577 kJ/mol
  5. 14842 kJ/mol
  6. 18379 kJ/mol
  7. 23326 kJ/mol
  8. 27465 kJ/mol
  9. 31853 kJ/mol
  10. 38473 kJ/mol
  11. 42647 kJ/mol
  12. 201266 kJ/mol
  13. 222316 kJ/mol
  1. 578.8 kJ/mol
  2. 1979.3 kJ/mol
  3. 2963 kJ/mol
  4. 6180 kJ/mol

Electron configuration

AluminiumGallium
Shorthand configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p1 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Full configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 32, 8, 18, 3

History

AluminiumGallium
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier (1782)Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
DiscoveryHans Christian Ørsted (1824)Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
First isolationPaul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
Named byHumphry Davy (1812)
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